Qualifying on Monday with a throw of 73.79m, Scotby star Miller started the final with a throw of 73.16m in Berlin.
With his second effort, the 25-year-old British record-holder was unable to improve as he fouled with his attempt.
Polish hammer thrower Wojciech Nowicki took the gold medal with a throw of 80.12m.
Miller is capable of throwing such distances, having won Commonwealth Games gold with a huge throw of 80.26m in April, but was unable to show that kind of form yesterday.
He again fouled with his third attempt which left him in 10th place with only the top eight qualifying to stay involved in the final three rounds of the competition.
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